Born into a Basque family in Getaria, Spain, Balenciaga founded his fashion house in San Sebastián in 1919. His work was quickly admired, leading to the opening of new stores in Madrid and Barcelona. His clientele consisted mainly of the aristocracy. However, with the decline of the Spanish monarchy, the country’s prosperity decreased, impacting Balenciaga’s clientele. He made the decision to move to Paris, where he opened his house on Avenue George V in 1939. His first couture collection was a resounding success, prompting him to reopen his three houses in Spain.
His reputation continued to grow and couturier Christian Dior referred to Balenciaga as “the master of us all.” Other fashion giants such as André Courrèges, Emanuel Ungaro, and Óscar de la Renta learned their craft under Balenciaga’s tutelage before starting their own fashion houses.
Balenciaga’s style was revolutionary: he played with proportions, volumes, and drapes of different fabrics around the shoulders and skirts. His silhouettes often featured a pronounced hourglass figure, achieved by centering his suits and flaring out the hips with a tulip skirt underneath. He used minimal prints and vibrant colors, with polka dots being a signature print in his work.
In 1960, he designed the wedding dress for doña Fabiola Mora y Aragón for her marriage to King Boudewijn of Belgium.
In 1946, Balenciaga launched his first perfume, Le Dix, named after the house number of his fashion house in Avenue George V in Paris. After the 1950s, haute couture gradually lost its importance and in 1968, Balenciaga closed his house in protest against the vulgarization brought on by the modern age. He passed away in Jávea, Alicante in 1972.
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